by/A.S.C Temuco(Chelie)
Temuco is a city and commune,
capital of the Cautín
Province and of the Araucanía Region in southern Chile. The city is located
670 km south of Santiago at the heart of the modern Araucanía
Region and historic 
.
Temuco was founded by Chilean military in
Mapuche territory 1881 during the occupation of Araucanía and grew quickly
into one of Chile's main cities. Temuco grew as as consequence of the
livestock, wheat and forestry boom that its surrounding countryside experienced
between 1890 up to the 1940s. Nobel Poets Gabriela
Mistral and Pablo Neruda both lived in Temuco for some
time.
.
Temuco's central place in Araucanía with easy
access to the Andean valleys and the coast makes it a hub for agricultural,
livestock and forestry operations as well as communication and trade centre for
the numerous
small towns of Araucanía
.
Etymology
The name
comes from the Mapudungun language, meaning "temu water";
(Blepharocalyx cruckshankii) is a tree used by Mapuches
for medicinal purposes.
History
The city was
founded on February 24, 1881 as a fort during the Occupation of the Araucanía. Manuel
Recabarren, in charge of the project, named the place Fuerte (Fort)
Recabarren.
Formed as a
military encampment, Temuco had in its origins the attributes of a camp, and a
year after its founding, the first major streets started to form in the
downtown area.
On April 15,
1888, the first city officers were elected including the first mayor José del Rosario Muñoz.
The city grew quickly; a census in 1895 indicated a population of 7,708 people,
and when Cautin was declared a province, Temuco became its capital, with its
population by that time of 16,037 people.
Chilean
poetry has deep roots in Temuco. Nobel Poets Gabriela
Mistral and Pablo Neruda (Neftali Reyes) both lived in
Temuco. Mistral was the principal of an all-girls school where Neruda would
visit her and show her his first verses when he was around 15 years old.
In 2010,
Temuco was affected by the earthquake on February 27 centered
400 km (250 mi) to the north. It was one of the most affected regions
of Chile besides Santiago, Concepcion, Valparaiso and others.] The
earthquake registered 8.8 Mw on the moment magnitude scale. Though landlocked
Temuco avoided the tsunamis the earthquake caused, many very strong aftershocks
throughout the country followed, including a 7.1 MW earthquake
70 km (43 mi) northwest of the city.[4]
Temuco continues to rebuild from the disaster, and the alpine region hopes to
be awarded the 2022 Winter Olympics, though the host city
is Santiago or the alternative site, Chillán,
with plans for an Olympic ceremony stadium under way.[
Geography
Temuco is
located in the center-south of Chile, equidistant between the Pacific Ocean
and the Andes.
Morphologically,
the city placement corresponds to Cautín River-originated
fluvial land masses that developed in a crushed form between two hills, Ñielol
(350m) and Conunhueno (360m).
The city is
surrounded by an environment typical to central-southern Chile, consisting
mostly of plantations of coniferous forests in the midst of a central prairie
of moraines and cones next to the foothills of the Andes. The zone produces
many crops and fruits, and has an abundance of forests, particularly alerce, roble and lingue.
Despite all this, air quality has deteriorated because burning wood is the
primary source of heat for most of the city. Air pollution is generally kept
under control by the frequent rain in winter.
Climate
Climatologically,
Temuco corresponds to Chile's central valley Mediterranean region, with more
humid and temperate weather. Through the year, cyclonic and anticyclonic
influences alternate, with a short dry summer period (when compared to Santiago
or other central valley cities). Its mean annual temperature is 12 °C
(54 °F), with highest median during the warmest month of 23.5 °C
(74 °F) and lowest median during the coldest month of 3.9 °C (39 °F)
(Ciren-Corfo, 1992). Annual mean rain during 1961-1990 (Dirección Meteorológica
de Chile, 1991) was 1.157 mm (Capelli de Steffens et al., 1997).
Geography and weather
.
Temuco, capital of the Araucanía Region, is a
city located in southern Chile, which is equidistant from the Pacific Ocean and
the Andes. The site of the city morphologically corresponds to areas of the
river terraces are developed Cautín as sandwiched between the Cerro Ñielol (350
m) and Cerro Conun Huenu (360 m). The city is part of a typical southern Chile,
deciduous forests in a central plain of moraines and cones near the foothills.
Phytogeographically is an area of high performance mixed farming and fruit,
with the presence of different and varied species Arboç, such as oak, and
lingual. Despite being embedded in a privileged environment, his former good
air has begun to fall sharply in quality due to a dense layer of smog that, day
by day, is overwhelming the environment, especially during the winter period,
which is mainly composed by wood smoke. However, such extreme pollution
episodes occur only during the coldest days of winter, because the constant
rain of the season can pollute the air quickly. Climatically, corresponds to
the Chilean Mediterranean region intermediate depression, transition to
temperate semi-humid. Throughout the year alternating anticyclonic and cyclonic
influences, with a short summer dry period when compared with that of Santiago
and other cities in between. Its annual average temperature is 11 ° C, with
average highs in the hottest month of 23 ° C and average minimum in the coldest
month of 3 ° C
.
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